How can I print colored text to the terminal in Python?
On most platforms, terminal colors are produced using ANSI escape sequences. We can use these directly, or through a Python library.
Terminal output can be colored by surrounding it with ANSI escape sequences:
BLACK = '\033[30m' RED = '\033[31m' GREEN = '\033[32m' YELLOW = '\033[33m' # orange on some systems BLUE = '\033[34m' MAGENTA = '\033[35m' CYAN = '\033[36m' LIGHT_GRAY = '\033[37m' DARK_GRAY = '\033[90m' BRIGHT_RED = '\033[91m' BRIGHT_GREEN = '\033[92m' BRIGHT_YELLOW = '\033[93m' BRIGHT_BLUE = '\033[94m' BRIGHT_MAGENTA = '\033[95m' BRIGHT_CYAN = '\033[96m' WHITE = '\033[97m' RESET = '\033[0m' # called to return to standard terminal text color print(BLACK + "black" + RESET) print(RED + "red" + RESET) print(GREEN + "green" + RESET) print(YELLOW + "yellow" + RESET) print(BLUE + "blue" + RESET) print(MAGENTA + "magenta" + RESET) print(CYAN + "cyan" + RESET) print(LIGHT_GRAY + "light gray" + RESET) print(DARK_GRAY + "dark gray" + RESET) print(BRIGHT_RED + "bright red" + RESET) print(BRIGHT_GREEN + "bright green" + RESET) print(BRIGHT_YELLOW + "bright yellow" + RESET) print(BRIGHT_BLUE + "bright blue" + RESET) print(BRIGHT_MAGENTA + "bright magenta" + RESET) print(BRIGHT_CYAN + "bright cyan" + RESET) print(WHITE + "white" + RESET)
This script will print text in the standard terminal colors. The actual colors displayed when running the script will vary based on the terminal’s configuration and support for ANSI colors. As noted in a comment, the YELLOW
color may be rendered as orange on some systems.
ANSI codes to give text-colored backgrounds are also available:
BACKGROUND_BLACK = '\033[40m' BACKGROUND_RED = '\033[41m' BACKGROUND_GREEN = '\033[42m' BACKGROUND_YELLOW = '\033[43m' # orange on some systems BACKGROUND_BLUE = '\033[44m' BACKGROUND_MAGENTA = '\033[45m' BACKGROUND_CYAN = '\033[46m' BACKGROUND_LIGHT_GRAY = '\third-party033[47m' BACKGROUND_DARK_GRAY = '\033[100m' BACKGROUND_BRIGHT_RED = '\033[101m' BACKGROUND_BRIGHT_GREEN = '\033[102m' BACKGROUND_BRIGHT_YELLOW = '\033[103m' BACKGROUND_BRIGHT_BLUE = '\033[104m' BACKGROUND_BRIGHT_MAGENTA = '\033[105m' BACKGROUND_BRIGHT_CYAN = '\033[106m' BACKGROUND_WHITE = '\033[107m'
Codes can be combined for multiple effects:
print(GREEN + BACKGROUND_RED + "green on red" + RESET)
Many additional colors can be accessed using 8-bit color codes.
Note that to output colors on Windows, we must add the following lines to the start of the script:
import os os.system('color')
If we would prefer to abstract away from ANSI codes, we can use the termcolor
library from PyPI. First, we must install it:
pip install termcolor
We can then use the colored
function from this library to print colored text. The script below will print the same output as the one above:
from termcolor import colored print(colored("black", "black")) print(colored("red", "red")) print(colored("green", "green")) print(colored("yellow", "yellow")) print(colored("blue", "blue")) print(colored("magenta", "magenta")) print(colored("cyan", "cyan")) print(colored("light gray", "light_grey")) print(colored("dark gray", "dark_grey")) print(colored("bright red", "light_red")) print(colored("bright green", "light_green")) print(colored("bright yellow", "light_yellow")) print(colored("bright blue", "light_blue")) print(colored("bright magenta", "light_magenta")) print(colored("bright cyan", "light_cyan")) print(colored("white", "white"))
The colored
function takes a text string as its first argument, a color as the second argument, and an optional list of attributes (e.g. 'bold'
, 'underline'
) as the third argument. To create text with a colored background, we can prepend the color argument with on_
(e.g. on_light_yellow
).
A complete list of output formatting supported by termcolor
can be viewed by running its demo:
python -m termcolor
As with the previous method, to output colors on Windows, we must add the following lines to the start of our script:
import os os.system('color')
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